Reflection Of Self Reflection And Self Restraint - 962 Words

Ramadan is a special time in the Muslim community as it holds a valuable position in their hearts and minds. It is believed that during this time the blessings of Allah are bounteously bestowed to the followers of the Islamic faith. Each night, the mosques all over the world are stuffed with Muslims listening and reciting the Quran. Ramadan is a special event that occurs on the ninth month of the 12-month Islamic calendar which is based on the sighting of the new moon. This month is fundamentally a time where followers of the Islamic give up food, drinks, sex, smoking etc. for the main purpose of self reflection and self restraint. Prominent practices during Ramadan include, sawm, praying and reciting the Quran. All of the previously mentioned practices are believed to connect to spiritual reflection, self improvement and increased worship. Fasting during the month of Ramadan is both a duty and a great worship. The fast otherwise known as sawm which means to refrain, begins at sunrise and ends at sunset every day. All Muslims who have come to adolescence and are healthy are required to participate in the fast. However, when fasting may drastically affect the health of the fasting individual or when one is genuinely sick, Islam excuses him or her from fasting. During this time, Muslims are supposed to refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, sexual activity, and immoral behavior. During this time, Muslims still go to work, school and deal with their normal everydayShow MoreRelatedPhysical Restraints And Nursing Homes : Clinical Ethical Considerations By Chris Gastmans And K Milisen1096 Words   |  5 Pagesof this essay is â€Å"Use of physical restraints in nursing homes: clinical-ethical considerations† by Chris Gastmans and K Milisen. 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UltimatelyRead MoreThe Theory Of The Change Theory1400 Words   |  6 Pagesimplement the MH restraint HFS, which is the progressive change objective. The Head of MH Nursing, preceptor, will be the lead change agent for supporting and promoting the new simulation. Already the change agent has contacted administration and simulation technician to initiate collaboration with the MSN student. Furthermore, the change agent can influence the administration towards integrating more HFS in the nursing program. Moreover, the change agent may continue to use the MH restraint HFS afterRead MoreDeterminism Between Free Will And Determinism Essay138 3 Words   |  6 Pagesand determinism is addressed as through Izzi’s book, a manifestation of her feelings (the queen is under attack as she is battling cancer while Tommy her conquistador attempts to save her from death), Tommy is allowed one more chance at self-examination and reflection. Through the insertion of himself into Izzi’s book he does this exactly, seeing the consequences of Tomas’ actions as they parallel his own. It is in the belief that the conquistador is acting freely that Tommy can ascribe moral responsibilityRead MoreExplain The Significance Of The Five Pillars Of Islam1360 Words   |  6 PagesAllah as a servant. This cultivates self respect, humility and underpins a purpose in life to serve and submit to God through Muhammad’s teachings and practices. It’s central role is reflected in the call to prayer, being inscribed on flags, coins and the common use of phrases including bismillah (‘in the name of God’) or alhamdulillah (‘praise be to God’) when praising God (derived from the second verse of the first surah of the Qur’an). The Shahada is a key reflection of an adherent s belief in God’sRead More Atwoods Tricks With Mirrors as a Declaration of Female Independence1414 Words   |  6 Pageswhich her self-absorbed lover may view himself. Mirrors / are the perfect lovers, she states (lines 6-7). They show a constant and loyal reflection to whoever may stand in front of them. She is objectifying herself as she tells her lover to carry her carefully up the stairs and to throw her on the bed with her reflecting side up (line 12). She then moves on to describe the patterns of their intimacy in an almost detached manner - her lover does not kiss her; he only kisses his own reflection. SheRead MoreKeeping A Balance Within Our Lives1012 Words   |  5 PagesWe should become aware of and reflect on nature. We should also practice restraint to protect nature. The need f or balance within our lives and nature is crucial for the world to remain sane. Practicing restraint is important to the survival of the earth. Sanders explains the need to for rest within your life in order to maintain balance. Rest is needed in our lives. We sleep for six to eight hours in order to regenerate our bodies for the next day to come, but one thing humans can not do is workRead MoreEthics Of The Mentally Ill898 Words   |  4 Pagesuk). This essay examines ethics in healthcare focusing on physical restraint. In order to create an analytical view on this subject, the 1998 death of David Bennett a 38 year old, Rastafarian African Caribbean, has been cited. Mental illness can change a persons’ capacity to make rational and safe decisions, often creating a contradiction in actions to their core ethics and beliefs (Mind, Mental health crisis care: physical restraint in crisis report, June 2013). David Bennett had suffered with schizophreniaRead MoreSocrates : The Problem With Socrates908 Words   |  4 Pagesthemselves because the value of life cannot be estimated. We cannot give an estimate as to what the value of life is since as living beings we are too close to life and thus subject to bias. 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Act One Scene 3 of William Shakespeares Othello Essay

Act One Scene 3 of William Shakespeares Othello Referring to the passage in page 155, I have analysed several points in conjunction to background knowledge, in attempt to answer the task set above. Initially, I feel that it is very important to relate to the character of Iago. As a character, Iago has the potential to be a man of extreme power but he does not have the tool that we refer to as money. All that he has is ambition; and he remains malcontent until he attains his aspirations. He pretends to be doing tasks but refrains from them, showing us a strong sense of corruption. The most important role that he plays is that of an extreme racist, words like black ram, moor, thick-lipped,†¦show more content†¦The 28 year old man, four times seven yearsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, is not self critical. Iago has no restrictions on himself, backed up by I never found a man that knew how to love himselfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The beginning of his speech, concentrates on the philosophical aspects of life, and that we are what we choose to be. Fur thermore, we can understand from line 330 that Iago does not believe in love. But we have reason to cool our raging motions, our carnal stings, our unbittedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. This shows the contrast between him and Othello. Iago becomes very jealous of Othello because of his position in the Venetian Army. Iago feels that black men cannot rise above him because they are black. Iago frequently refers to Othello as the Moor and the Black Ram, with these statements Iago is implying that Othello is worse than white people and because of his race he should not hold the position he does in the army. Out of this racism also extends the jealousy of Othellos wife, Desdemona. He is sexually attracted to her but that is not a real reason for hating Othello, his mind devises stories which he believes are true and thus making himself think that it is right to take revenge on Othello by intentions to overcome Desdemona via plans with Roderigo. Iago is also jealous of Othellos sexual power, as it was well known in those times that blackShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare And Domestic Violence .During High1006 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare and Domestic Violence During high school, students will tend to read multiple plays written by William Shakespeare in school. In fact, part of the English Language Arts (ELA) Standards set by Common Core included William Shakespeare’s plays. For ninth and tenth grade students, standard CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.9 expected them to be able to examine how an author draws on and transforms source materials in a specific work (Common Core State Standards, 2017). The examplesRead MoreReputation Of Men And Women In Othello1118 Words   |  5 Pageshonor as evident in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello.† During the 16th century, a woman’s reputation determined the way in which society regarded her. Women who were deemed unfaithful would often be ridiculed by their community and treated as second class citizens. In William Shakespeares â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello,† the character of Bianca is portrayed as a promiscuous woman who is often a source of amusement for other characters. Such is evident in Act 4, Scene 1,Now will I questionRead More The Theme of Control in Shakespeares Othello Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesControl in Othellonbsp;nbsp; nbsp; Throughout history, powerful empires with boundless control have had a tendency to fall victim to corruption. It is common knowledge, among political scientists and historians, that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. William Shakespeares Othello, the Moor of Venice (reprinted in Laurence Perrine and Thomas R. Arp, Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, 6th ed. [Fort Worth: Harcourt, 1993] 1060-1147) contains several themes, but one themeRead MoreIago in Shakespeares Othello Essay1381 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Othello is a remarkable tale of trust, deceitfulness, lust and the most destructive of human emotions: vengeance and hatred. Iago better known as Othellos antagonist embodies vengeance and hatred to move an agenda to squash all who oppose Iagos plans. As defined by Merrium-Webster the definition of a protagonist is a principal character in a literary work or a leading actor, character, or participant in a literary work. Othello by Shakespea re is a play about Othello an exampleRead MoreThe Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesA talented poet and playwright writer, William Shakespeare came during the golden age of England. His writings are the greatest in the English language. No one really know Shakespeare real birthday. The closet date the scholars can come up is on his baptism on April 24th, 1564. It has been over 400 years since his death; Shakespeare’s writing is not just limited to English scholars, but also appears on modern historical events and newspaper as well. Playwright and poetry are an art that appealsRead MoreEssay about Jealousy in Shakespeares Othello1581 Words   |  7 PagesJealousy in Othello  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare is known for his exceptional ability to compose plays full of deceit, trickery, revenge, and jealousy. The play Othello, evolves around the theme of jealousy.    One of Shakespeares most credible characteristics in his writing is his ability to compose a play in which has a story that originates, and strides on lies. As theses lies were unraveled the central theme of his play became distinct, and clearly visible. 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In addition, Othello is far from being a perfect character - another quality that meets Aristotles requirements. Othello also matches Aristotles ideas of tragic hero because our Othello realizes the error of his ways, causingRead MoreIago as an Evil Manipulator in William Shakespeares Othello Essay719 Words   |  3 PagesIago as an Evil Manipulator in William Shakespeares Othello The statement Iago is an evil manipulator in my opinion is true. I see Iago as psychologically astute, deceiving and a misanthrope. His sadistic character hurts everyone in a web of deceit. Iago is Shakespeares most plausible and intriguing villains. The main themes in this play are appearance and reality, love, hate and jealousy. I intend to focus on Iago and see how his character changes and how Read More Good and Bad in Othello Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesGood and Bad in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   A huge battle between good and evil is waged the William Shakespeare’s drama Othello. 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Public Health Problem Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Australia - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Public Health Problem Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Australia. Answer: Introduction: Vitamin D is an essential component for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus in human body. It supports bone mineralization and strengthens bone. Appropriate level of Vitamin D in human body has been found to decrease the likelihood of bone disorders like rickets and osteoporosis in children. However, the Vitamin D deficiency has become a major public health issue globally due to limited exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to adverse health consequences such as cardiovascular disease, obesity and complication in pregnancy (1). This report particularly examines the public health problem of Vitamin D deficiency in Australia and examines the actions taken in the country to address the issue at population level. Is Vitamin deficiency a public health problem in Australia Vitamin D is an essential fat soluble vitamin for bone health because it helps in the regulation and absorption of calcium level in blood. It is also regarded as important to maintain bone health and prevent fractures. The review of the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency has shown that it is prevalent in many countries worldwide particularly those falling in low latitudes. About 1 billion people have been found to have low vitamin D levels and the disease is common mostly in all age groups (2). It is also linked to other diseases like hypertension, diabetes, cancer and autoimmune disease because Vitamin D is needed for healthy cardiovascular system, hormones and immunity. The human body get most the Vitamin D from regular exposure to sunlight as the skin produces the vitamin when exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) light from the sun. However, Vitamin D deficiency is also public health burden in Australia despite receiving plenty of sunlight. The most common cause for this is that people are not adequately exposed to enough sunlight on a daily basis. People with naturally very dark skin are at high risk of Vitamin D deficiency because dark skin pigment has lesser ability to produce Vitamin D. Secondly, exposure time decreases in people due to location, season and amount of skin exposed to sunlight. For example, people working indoor environment, older and weak adults, and those who avoid the due to health issues get little or no sun exposure at all and become prone to Vitamin D deficiency risk. A mother who is low in Vitamin D also increases the risk in breastfed babies. In addition, certain health conditions and medication also cause low Vitamin D in an individual (3). National study has confirmed that Vitamin D deficiency has become an emerging heath issue in Australia. In a study done with 11000 adults in Australia, one-third of them were found to be deficient in Vitamin D. It highlighted the Vitamin D status of Australia by stating that women, elderly, obese, non-European background people and people with less amount of physical activity are at greater risk of deficiency (4). The negative point for public health system of Australia is that they have abundance of rich sunlight, still Vitamin D deficiency is turning out to be a major health issue in the country. The proportion of risk differs on the basis of level of deficiency. For instance, low level of deficiency leads to soft bones and frequent fractures and high level of deficiency leads to life threatening diseases like osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics National Health Measures Survey (NHMS), the level of deficiency is determined based on the following cut off: Mild deficiency for Vitamin D level of 30-49 nmol/L Moderate deficiency for 13-29 nmol/L vitamin D Severe deficiency for less than 12nmol/L Total deficiency for less than 50 nmol/L Sufficient level at greater than 50nmol/L On the basis of above definition for severity, the survey done in 2010-2012 showed that majority of Australian adults had good levels of Vitamin D. 23% had mild deficiency to moderate deficiency and only 1% has severe deficiency. Hence, 23% or one in every four adults in Australia were found to suffer from Vitamin D deficiency. The deficiency was found more in older adults than younger people. The rate of deficiency varied with season too with low rate in winter and high rate in summer. The survey also revealed that risk of Vitamin D deficiency was higher for people born in Southern and Central Asia compared to those born in Australia. People who were physically inactive and obese were also found to have low levels of the vitamin. (5). A study also points out to Vitamin D deficiency in South Australian population and high burden of dealing with the condition (6). There is a need to take future actions to reduce the risk factor for the disease and improve Vitamin D level. Action being taken in Australia to address Vitamin D deficiency: The publication of the ABS report for Vitamin D deficiency in Australia was associated with many issues and controversies, which finally led to health service or policy related changes. Firstly, a new indication for Vitamin D supplementation was identified after a study showed that vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of respiratory tract infection. The impact of Vitamin D supplementation on reducing Vitamin D deficiency was also studied by various researchers and many health professional were confused about the health benefits of supplementation. However, tone study showed that sun exposure and Vitamin D have independent effects on disease risk and more research is needed to identify the true benefits of supplementation of reducing the risk of immune function impairment and cardiovascular disease (8). In response to the ABS report for 2011-12, many public health actions has been taken to address the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Australia. Firstly, changes in many policies were also done to maintain Vitamin D levels in different food items because many foods were found to have less amount of Vitamin D. As indicated by the Australian Standard, it mandated the food manufacturing company to maintain the limit of 55mm/kg of Vitamin D in butter and fortified food products. In response to the low level of vitamin D in children and adults, dietary Vitamin D consumption per day for children were also provided. Hence, public health agency took the initiative of supplementing the food supply with vitamin D to maintain the level of deficiency in Australian people. Focusing on the dietary source of Vitamin D was also considered important because of the lifestyle choices of the Australian population. Many people remain indoor or use sunscreen while going to prevent risk of skin cancer and so the Vitamin D limits supplementation from food items is considered a good step by the government. Mandatory fortification of milk and yoghurt was also proposed to reduce the risk of Vitamin D deficiency in the population (7). However, there is no clarity regarding whether food products fortification should be made voluntary or mandatory. Taking strong decision and policy reform in this area may help to reduce the public health burden associated with the disease. Public health action was also taken to support screening of all women with Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy. Observational studies in Australia had showed that among women attending antenatal care in Sydney, 15% had serum HD lower than 25nmol/L. Taking action for pregnant women was particularly considered important due to the high associated with the deficiency for them. Vitamin D deficiency in newborn has been found to led to low serum calcium level, rickets and defective tooth enamel in newborn baby. Impact on fetal growth is also seen as children with vitamin D deficient mothers has been found to have lower birth weight and low mineral density. It also increases the likelihood of diseases like cancer, multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia because of the affect on the functioning of different body tissues (9). In response to address this issue in pregnant women, Vitamin D supplementation was considered important to improve maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy. The clinica l practice guideline showed that screening for the deficiency in women was important if they has dark skin, limited exposure to sunlight and pre pregnancy BMI of greater than 402.. Dosage and forms of supplementation was decided and calcium intake level was fixed. For women below 18 years, it was 1300 mg calcium and for women above 18 years, it was 1000 mg. The recommendation for health staff was to maintain the dose of Vitamin D in women and dietary source of calcium and Vitamin D was planned which included milk, bony fish, nuts, margarine, eggs and soy beverages (10). Hence, this step was found to be effective in reducing the risk and identifying at risk person effectively. A peer-reviewed research article also examined the implications of vitamin D supplementation in Australia. After the report on high rates of Vitamin D deficiency, very few studies evaluated the impact of Vitamin D supplements on health outcome. Although between the year 2000-2011, about $94 million supplement were sold in Australia, however there was lack of study regarding analyzing the way supplementation is used. The research study investigated about the effects of vitamin D supplementation to improve and further develop the supplementation process. Vitamin D requirement was not met from diet because very few food items in Australia has adequate vitamin D levels. Despite the fortification of edible oil and spreads, the vitamin D level was not met by many food producing agencies. However, those who took supplements led a healthier lifestyle and their quality of diet was also good. They were also found to be aware about the need for sun exposure and eating foods containing Vitamin D . Such people were healthier compared to those who did not used supplements. The implication from the study is that after the first decade of vitamin D supplementation, awareness about risk and testing has increased among public. However, one negative result seen from the study is that Australia is spending too much on supplementation in other areas too where it is not necessary (11). Hence, to reduce unnecessary spending, development of appropriate vitamin D supplementation guideline is necessary. This will help to correct the dose required and prevent unnecessary use too. Taking action regarding preventing vitamin D deficiency was also found to improve the cancer incidence in Australia. Cancer has been a common public threat in Australia and WHO recommendation was that this can be prevented by addressing the risk factors such as tobacco smoking, diet, physical inactivity, sun exposure and alcohol consumption. Although this study considered many other elements apart from sun exposure and Vitamin D intake, the information related to Vitamin was only analyzed for this study. The strength of this study was that it pointed out to the recent rise in vitamin D deficiency due to the influence of the sun protection programs. Adequate level of Vitamin D can be maintained only when skin is exposed to the sun followed by receiving small proportion of vitamin D through diet (12). Hence, the public health action of increasing the awareness about risk and benefits of sun exposure became important to reduce the deficiency and public health burden related to Vitamin D deficiency. Currently, people still has doubts regarding the role of sun protection and effective public health action in this area is considered important. Strategies or recommendation for future focus to reduce burden from Vitamin D deficiency: The review of the Australian Governments action to reduce vitamin D deficiency pointed out to many strength and weakness of the Public Health Agency. For instance, the fortification of the food items and the policy development regarding it was a beneficial step for the country considering the lack of vitamin D level in different food items. Secondly, the guideline regarding Vitamin D supplementation and Vitamin D supplementation was considered as an important step to reduce the risk in pregnant women and new born babies too. However, the analysis of the public level action also pointed out to certain areas of improvement. For instance, lot of unnecessary investment in Vitamin D supplementation was also seen because of poor knowledge regarding Vitamin D supplementation and its daily intake among public. The sun protection program and the tendency to remain indoors was also regarded as a factor leading to high rate of vitamin D deficiency. Over-screening and over-diagnosis was also con sidered as an issue in preventing the health issue. Hence, in future more action is required regarding educating the public about importance of sun exposure, improving the screening process and maintaining a health life style along with good diet to reduce the health burden associated with Vitamin D deficiency. The future recommendation to improve Vitamin D testing in Australia is that unnecessary labeling and overtreatment in healthy individual needs to be reduced. The rate of increase in testing has increased the cost for 25-hydroxyvotamin D deficiency in the country (24(OH)D). Variation in frequency of testing and adapting international testing guideline was found. Hence, the recommendation is to separate individuals who are at high risk of deficiency such as elderly people or people with dark skins. It is necessary to follow the Australian Bone and Mineral Society recommendation of testing every three months after a loading dose 25(OH)D has been given to affected people (13). In addition, to track the benefits of the supplementation, it is necessary to monitor the performance of the replacement therapy on health outcome of people. Adoption of specific guideline for 25(OH)D testing may also improve the efficiency of testing. Conclusion: The report summarized the prevalence of the Vitamin D deficiency in Australia and pointed out to public health burden by means of present risk and inefficiency in the public health system of the country. In response to the data or report presented on the rise in rate of Vitamin D deficiency, the public health action implemented in Australia to reduce the health risk was discussed. It gave the idea about the benefits of supplemented program and also pointed out to future action due to the identification of improvement in testing and screening process for Vitamin D deficiency. References WHO | Vitamin D nutrition with a focus on the prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women [Internet]. Who.int. 2017 [cited 1 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.who.int/nutrition/events/2015_vit_d_workshop_pregnantwomen_21to24Apr15/en/ Palacios C, Gonzalez L. Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem?. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2014 Oct 31;144:138-45. Vitamin D | Osteoporosis Australia [Internet]. Osteoporosis.org.au. 2017 [cited 1 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.osteoporosis.org.au/vitamin-d Vitamin D deficiency strikes one-third of Australians [Internet]. Deakin.edu.au. 2017 [cited 1 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.deakin.edu.au/research/research-news/articles/vitamin-d-deficiency-strikes-one-third-of-australians 0.55.006 - Australian Health Survey: Biomedical Results for Nutrients, 2011-12 [Internet]. Abs.gov.au. 2017 [cited 1 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4364.0.55.006Chapter2002011-12 Gill TK, Hill CL, Shanahan EM, Taylor AW, Appleton SL, Grant JF, Shi Z, Dal Grande E, Price K, Adams RJ. Vitamin D levels in an Australian population. BMC public health. 2014 Sep 26;14(1):1001. Nutrition D. Food fortification with vitamin D: a public health issue for Australians [Internet]. Deakin Nutrition. 2017 [cited 1 September 2017]. Available from: https://deakinnutrition.wordpress.com/2013/07/04/food-fortification-with-vitamin-d-a-public-health-issue-for-australians/ Hartley M, Hoare S, Lithander FE, Neale RE, Hart PH, Gorman S, Gies P, Sherriff J, Swaminathan A, Beilin LJ, Mori TA. Comparing the effects of sun exposure and vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D insufficiency, and immune and cardio-metabolic function: the Sun Exposure and Vitamin D Supplementation (SEDS) Study. BMC public health. 2015 Feb 10;15(1):115. Department of Health | 8.9 Vitamin D deficiency [Internet]. Health.gov.au. 2017 [cited 4 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/clinical-practice-guidelines-ac-mod1~part-b~maternal-health-screening~vitamin-d-deficiency Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnancy [Internet]. 2017 [cited 4 September 2017]. Available from: https://www.kemh.health.wa.gov.au/development/manuals/OG_guidelines/sectionb/1/b1.1.9.pdf Bilinski K, Talbot P. Vitamin D supplementation in Australia: implications for the development of supplementation guidelines. Journal of nutrition and metabolism. 2014 Aug 19;2014. Youl P, Baade P, Meng X. Impact of prevention on future cancer incidence in Australia. InCancer Forum 2012 Mar (Vol. 36, No. 1, p. 37). The Cancer Council Australia. Bilinski K, Boyages S. Evidence of overtesting for vitamin D in Australia: an analysis of 4.5 years of Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) data. BMJ open. 2013 Jan 1;3(6):e002955.